电动汽车充电站如何保护-多回路限流式保护箱

安科瑞 任心怡

技术支持：安科瑞 彭峰

摘 要：交流充电桩俗称“慢充桩”，固定安装在电动汽车外、与交流电网连接，国标采用 220V单相交流电，为电动汽车车载充电机（即固定安装在电动汽车上的充电机）提供交流电源的供电装置。国家标准GB51348-2019中规定储备仓库、电动车充电等场所的末端回路应设置限流式电气防火保护器。电气防火限流式保护器可以有效克服传统断路器、空气开关和监控设备存在的短路电流大、切断短路电流时间长、短路时产生的电弧火花大，以及使用寿命短等弊端，当发生短路故障时，能以微秒级速度快速限制短路电流以实现灭弧保护，从而能显著减少电气火灾事故，保障使用场所人员和财产的安全。

Abstract: AC charging pile, commonly known as "slow charging pile", is fixedly installed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC grid. The national standard adopts 220V single-phase alternating current on the power supply device that provides AC power on-board chargers for electric vehicles (that is, the chargers that fixedly installed on electric vehicles). The national standard GB51348-2019 stipulates that it should be equipped with current-limiting electrical fire protection devices in the places for reserve warehouses, electric vehicle charging and so on. Electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors can effectively overcome the disadvantages such as high current during short-circuit, long time to cut off short-circuit current, large arc sparks generated during short-circuit, and short service life of the traditional circuit breakers like air switches and monitoring equipments.When a short-circuit fault occurs,it can quickly limit the short-circuit current at a microsecond speed to achieve arc extinguishing protection, which can significantly reduce electrical fire accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and property on site.

关键词：电动车充电桩；交流充电桩；充电桩配电箱；慢充桩；短路保护；电气防火

Keywords: electric vehicle charging pile; AC charging pile; charging pile distribution box; slow charging pile; short-circuit protection; electrical fire protection

0 行业背景

0.Industry background

随着世界的发展，环境保护成为整个人类命运共同体的任务。新能源车因为没有尾气排放，不会产生一氧化碳，二氧化碳，氮氧化合物等有害物质，没有噪声污染，对环境污染较小，全世界各国政府也为此提供优惠政策鼓励电动车科技的普及。

With the development of the world, environmental protection has become the task of the human community with a shared future. Because new energy vehicles have no exhaust emissions, no harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, no noise pollution, and less environmental pollution, governments around the world also provide preferential policies to encourage the popularization of electric vehicle technology.

交流充电桩俗称“慢充桩”，固定安装在电动汽车外、与交流电网连接，国标采用 220V 单相交流电，为电动汽车车载充电机（即固定安装在电动汽车上的充电机）提供交流电源的供电装置。交流充电桩只提供电力输出，没有充电功能，需连接车载充电机为电动汽车充电，只起到控制电源的作用的。其采用符合国标的交流充电模式，输出功率不高于 7kW，一般车辆电池从 0 到充满需要 5-8 小时，具体情况视不同车型动力电池容量及实际充电功率而定。

AC charging pile, commonly known as "slow charging pile", is fixedly installed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC grid. The national standard adopts 220V single-phase alternating current on the power supply device that provides AC power on-board chargers for electric vehicles (that is, the chargers that fixedly installed on electric vehicles). The AC charging pile only provides power output and has no charging function. It needs to be connected to the on-board charger to charge the electric vehicle, which only plays the role of controlling the power source. It adopts an AC charging mode that conforms to the national standard, and the output power is not higher than 7kW. Generally, it takes 5-8 hours for a vehicle battery to be fully charged from 0. The specific situation depends on the capacity of the power battery of different models and the actual charging power.

对于电动车充电桩，国家标准GB51348-2019《民用建筑电气设计标准》中13.5.5规定，储备仓库、电动车充电等场所的末端回路应设置限流式电气防火保护器。

For electric vehicle charging piles, the national standard GB51348-2019 《Civil Building Electrical Design Standards》13.5.5 stipulates that it should be equipped with current-limiting electrical fire protection devices in the places for reserve warehouses, electric vehicle charging and so on.

1 产品介绍

1.Product introduction

ASCP系列电气防火限流式保护器是安科瑞专门为了保护低压配电线路中短路、过载等问题研发，可以有效克服传统断路器、空气开关和监控设备存在的短路电流大、切断短路电流时间长、短路时产生的电弧火花大，以及使用寿命短等弊端，当发生短路故障时，能以微秒级速度快速限制短路电流以实现灭弧保护，从而能显著减少电气火灾事故，保障使用场所人员和财产的安全。

The ASCP series of electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors are specially developed by Acrel to protect short-circuit and overload problems in low-voltage power distribution lines. It can effectively overcome the disadvantages such as high current during short-circuit, long time to cut off short-circuit current, large arc sparks generated during short-circuit, and short service life of the traditional circuit breakers like air switches and monitoring equipments. When a short-circuit fault occurs,it can quickly limit the short-circuit current at a microsecond speed to achieve arc extinguishing protection, which can significantly reduce electrical fire accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and property on site.

ASCP系列电气防火限流式保护器可广泛应用于学校、医院、商场、宾馆、娱乐场所、寺庙、文物建筑、图书馆、档案室、会展、住宅、仓库、幼儿园、老年人建筑、集体宿舍、电动车充电站及租售式商场商铺、批发市场、集贸市场、甲乙丙类危险品库房等各种用电场所末端干、支路的线路保护。

The ASCP series of electrical fire protection current-limiting protectors can be widely used in the protection of main and branch line in various places where electricity is used,such as schools, hospitals, shopping malls, hotels, entertainment venues, temples, cultural relics, libraries, archives, exhibitions, residences, warehouses, kindergartens, elderly buildings, dormitories, Electric vehicle charging stations and leased-for-sale shopping malls, wholesale markets, bazaars, dangerous goods warehouses for Class A, B, and C, and so on.

对于电动汽车充电站中采用集中配电箱的情况，推荐使用ASCP500-40B系列多回路限流式保护箱。既简化了安装，也比较吗，美观实用。产品如下图所示。

For the case of using a centralized distribution box in an electric vehicle charging station, it is recommended to use the ASCP500-40B series of multi-circuit current-limiting protective boxes. It not only simplifies the installation, but also can be more beautiful and practical. The product is showed below.

 

2 功能介绍Function introduction

■ 短路保护功能。保护器实时监测4/6个用电线路电流，当线路发生短路故障时，能在150微秒内实现快速限流保护，并发出声光报警信号。

The function of Short-circuit protection. The protector monitors the current of 4/6 power lines in real time. When a short-circuit fault occurs, it can achieve rapid current-limiting protection within 150 microseconds and send out sound and light alarm signal.

■ 过载保护功能。当被保护线路的电流过载且过载持续时间超过动作时间（3~60秒可设）时，保护器启动限流保护，并发出声光报警信号。

The function of overload protection. When the current of the protected circuit is overloaded and the duration of the overload exceeds the action time (3~60 seconds can be set), the protector will start the current-limiting protection and send out sound and light alarm signal.

■ 表内超温保护功能。当保护器内部器件工作温度过高时，保护器实施超温限流保护，并发出声光报警信号。

The function of over-temperature protection in the meter. When the operating temperature of the internal components of the protector is too high, the protector implements over-temperature and current-limiting protection and sends out sound and light alarm signal.

■ 过欠压保护功能。当保护器检测到线路电压欠压或过压时，保护器发出声光报警信号，可预先设置是否启动限流保护。

The function of Over-voltage protection. When the protector detects undervoltage or overvoltage of the line voltage, the protector sends out sound and light alarm signal, and it can be set in advance whether to activate current-limiting protection.

■ 漏电流监测功能。当被监测的线路漏电超过报警设定值时，保护器发出声光报警信号，可预先设置是否启动限流保护。

The function of leakage current monitoring. When the monitored line leakage exceeds the alarm setting value, the protector will send out sound and light alarm signal，and it can be set in advance whether to activate current limiting protection.

■ 保护器显示单元具有1路RS485接口，可以外接无线通讯模块，支持2G、NB-IoT和4G，可以将数据发送到后台监控系统，实现远程监控。监控后台可以是安科瑞Acrel-6000/B电气火灾监控主机，也可以是安科瑞Acrel-6000安全用电管理云平台，或第三方监控软件或平台。

■ The protector display unit has a RS485 interface, which can be connected to a wireless communication module, supports 2G, NB-IoT and 4G, and can send data to the background monitoring system to realize remote monitoring. The monitoring background not only can be the host for electrical fire monitoring of Acrel Acrel-6000/B ,but also can be the safe cloud platform for power management of Ankerui Acrel-6000, even can be a third-party monitoring software or platform.

3 产品应用

3.Product application

对于交流充电桩，一般会采用集中供电的方式，如果是户外立柱安装，充电桩分布在多个位置，位置比较分散，每个充电桩都去安装电气防火限流式保护器，比较麻烦，而且没有安装位置，而且防水要求较高。如果是室内挂墙安装，保护器安装在墙面需要占用一定位置。而采用统一集中安装的方式，方便管理和维护。

For AC charging piles, centralized power supply is generally used. If it is installed outdoor, the charging piles are distributed in multiple locations, and the positions are relatively scattered. It’s trouble to install electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protector on every charging pile,and also,there is no installation location and the requirement of waterproof is really high.. If it is installed on the wall indoor, the protector needs a certain position.However, the unified and centralized installation way is convenient to manage and maintain.

 

室内停车场，充电桩采用壁挂的方式

Indoor parking lot, the charging pile is wall-mounted

 

户外停车场，采用立柱的方式分散安装

Outdoor parking lot, using columns to install dispersedly

充电桩的配电箱一般在设计的时候就采用集中安装的方式，如下图所示。

The distribution box of the charging pile is generally installed in a centralized manner during the design, as shown in the following figure.

 

所以根据设计图纸，可以分批集中安装于墙面。

Therefore, it can be installed on the wall in batches according to the design drawings.

4 结语Conclusion

新能源汽车行业持续发展，越来越多的居民小区和商业建筑都在新建或者改造电动汽车充电桩，而电气防火限流式保护器的安装又是必要元件，所以一个好的配套安装至关重要。我们应该探索更多的电气防火限流式保护器的安装与使用。

The new energy vehicle industry continues to develop, and more and more residential communities and commercial buildings are building or renovating electric vehicle charging piles. The installation of electrical fire protection current-limiting protectors is a necessary component, so a good supporting installation is crucial important. We should explore the installation and use of more electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors.

参考文献 references

[1] 安科瑞企业微电网设计与应用手册.2019.11版

Acrel Enterprise Microgrid Design and Application Manual. 2019.11 Edition
 

　　审核编辑：鄢孟繁