有限元分析在数控铣床热变形方面的研究

在多种热源的作用下，数控铣床产生热变形，影响工件与刀具间的相对位移，造成加
工误差，从而影响零件的加工精度，因此减小热误差对提高机床的加工精度至关重要。控制机床热误差涉及到如何查找敏感点，然而找出机床敏感点是个非常棘手的问题。本文在对数控铣床热边界条件进行分析的基础上，应用有限元分析软件ANSYS，对ZK7640 数控铣床进行整机热特性分析，为机床敏感点的查找提供依据，对数控机床热误差进行了定量计算，并通过实验检测验证其正确性。
关键词：温度敏感点；热误差；有限元分析
Abstract: Many kinds of the heat sources in a CNC milling machine produce thermal deformation. This deformation affects the relative displacement between the work-piece and the cutter, causes the manufacturing errors, and influences the machining accuracy of the part. Therefore, it is very important to reduce thermal deformation to improve the machining accuracy. Controlling the thermal error will be relative to the theory of temperature sensitive point, however, it is difficult to find the points by experiments. In this paper, thermal characteristics of ZK7640 CNC milling machine are simulated by analyzing the thermal boundary conditions and using the finite element (FEM) software ANSYS. Moreover, many experiments are done to test the analysis' validity.
Key words: temperature sensitive point; thermal characteristics; FEM