【节能学院】漏电监测在景观喷泉、喷水池的应用

摘 要

我们都知道公交站台上的广告牌，里面充斥着各种电线，由于风吹日晒，再加上缺乏维护，有些是灯直接不亮，有些是出现漏电现象。由于供电线路长期在户外使用，运行环境较为恶劣，而且在设计或建设时采用的安全等级标准和防护等级标准不高等，供电线路容易老化失效、出现漏电现象。对于单个公交车站台或者公交岗亭这种孤岛系统来说，如果供电系统采用配电箱集中供电，适宜在主控制箱内设置剩余电流监测仪，实时监测各个回路的漏电情况，分配电回路配置30mA动作电流无延时剩余电流继电器或者30mA漏电保护开关进行保护。

Abstract: We all know that the billboards on the bus sations are full of various wires. Due to the wind and sun, and lack of maintenance, some of the lights do not turn on directly, and some of them are leaking. The power supply lines are always used outdoors for a long time, the operating environment is harsh, and the safety level and protection level standards adopted in the design or construction are not so high, the power supply circuit are ofen too aging, become invalid and leakage. For an island system such as a single bus station or a bus guard post, if the power supply system adopts a distribution box for centralized power supply, it is appropriate to install a residual current monitor in the main control box to monitor the leakage of each circuit in real time and distribution circuit, configuration 30mA relay of residual current with no delay in action current and or 30mA leakage protect switch for protection.

关键词：景观喷泉；喷水池；人身触电；接地故障；触电保护

Keywords: landscape fountain; fountain; personal electric shock; ground fault; electric shock protection

1 行业背景

2019年5月26日下午，杭州余杭街道湖山帝景湾小区，两名女童被发现倒在小区景观步道积水中，再也没能醒来。根据余杭街道的通报和新闻媒体的报导，初步判断这次悲剧可能为触电引发。

On the afternoon of May 26, 2019, two girls were found lying in the stagnant water on the scenic trail in the Hushan Dijingwan Community, Yuhang Street, Hangzhou, and never woke up again. According to reports from Yuhang Street and news medias, it’s preliminarily judged that this tragedy may be caused by an electric shock.

这种事情的发生，已经不是头一次了。这些年，关于孩子们在小区内，特别是喷泉池附近触电身亡的例子，可以说屡见不鲜。2013年8月9日下午，北京朝阳公园内酷迪宠物乐园供小狗游泳的喷泉漏电，导致两只宠物狗被电死，狗主人下水救触电的爱犬，也遭触电不治身亡。每出现一次，都是在社会的良心上划上一道深深的口子。

This is not the first time that happened. During the recent years, there had many cases that children were electrocuted in the community, especially near the fountain pool. On the afternoon of August 9, 2013, in Kudi Pet Park in Beijing Chaoyang Park,two pet dogs died because of the electric shock in the fountain where dogs swim,not only that the owner of the dogs also being electrocuted when he went into the water to save his pet dog,and died at last. Every time when these things appears, it marks a deep hole in the conscience of society.

对于一些正常使用时不让人进入的喷水池或者景观喷泉，相关人群比较安全，但是某些人群可以进入的喷水池和景观喷泉，当人群进入后，人体的阻抗降低，接触路径的阻抗降到较小值，因此，具有更大的电击危险性。而且此类场所尤其是孩童较多。

For some fountains or landscape fountains that are not allowed to enter during using,people are safer, but there are still some fountains and landscape fountains that peple can enter, It has greater risk of electric shock when the crowd enters, the impedance of the human body decreases, and the impedance of the contact path drops to a small value.,and usually,there are especially more children in these places.

为了保障人民群众生命安全，全文强制性规范《建筑电气及智能化通用规范》（报批稿）第4.6.5条明确规定：

当采用剩余电流动作保护器（RCD）作为电击防护附加防护措施时，应符合下列规定：

1、额定剩余电流动作值不应大于30mA；

2、额定电流不超过32A的下列回路应装设剩余电流动作保护器（RCD）；

2.1供一般人员使用的电源插座回路；

2.2 室内移动电气设备；

2.3人员可触及的室外电气设备。

3、剩余电流动作保护器（RCD）应作为保护措施之一；

4、采用剩余电流动作保护器（RCD）时应装设保护接地导体（PE）。

In order to protect lives of people,in Article 4.6.5: of 《General specification for building electrical and intelligent》(draft for approval),it clearly defined that:

When a residual current device (RCD) is used as an additional protective measure for electric shock protection, the following requirements shall be met:

1. The rated residual current action value should not be greater than 30mA;

2. The following circuits that under 32A should be equipped with a residual current device (RCD);

2.1 Circuit of electric supply socket for general personnel;

2.2 Mobile electrical equipment indoor;

2.3 Electrical equipment outdoor that people can touch;

3 Residual current device (RCD) should be used as one of the protection measures;

4 When using residual current device (RCD), a protective earthing conductor (PE) should be installed.

GB/T22387-2016剩余电流动作继电器产品标准中明确规定，

游泳池、喷水池、浴室、浴池的电气设备，安装在水中的供电线路和设备，应安装剩余电流动作继电器作为防护手段。

The standard of residual current operated relay in GB/T22387-2016 clearly stipulate,

Residual current operated relay should be equipped as a means of protection on equipments installed in water,such as electrical equipments in swimming pools, fountains, bathrooms, and baths.

2 产品介绍

ASJ系列剩余电流动作继电器和多回路剩余电流监测仪可与低压断路器或低压接触器等组成组合式剩余电流保护装置，主要适用于交流50Hz，额定电压400V及以下的TT和TN系统配电线路，用来对电气线路进行接地故障保护，防止接地故障电流引起的设备损坏和电气火灾事故，也可用来对人身触电危险提供间接接触保护。

The ASJ series residual current operated relays and multi-circuit residual current monitors can be made up into a residual current device with low-voltage circuit breaker and low-voltage contactor,that mainly suitable for AC 50Hz, rated voltage 400V and below TT and TN system power distribution lines.It can be used to protect electrical circuits from ground faults,prevent the damage of equipment and electrical fire accidents by fault of currents,and it can also provide indirect contact protection against personal electric shock hazards.

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ASJ10/20系列剩余电流动作继电器

ASJ10/20 series residual current operated relays

ASJ60系列剩余电流监测仪

ASJ60 series residual current monitor

3 功能介绍

ASJ10/20系列剩余电流动作继电器具有以下功能：A型或者AC型剩余电流测量，剩余电流越限报警指示，额定剩余动作电流可设定，不驱动时间可设定，两组继电器输出，具有就地，远程“测试”、“复位”功能；

The ASJ10/20 series residual current operated relays have the following functions: A-type or AC-type residual current measurement, while the alarm of the residual current over-limit instruct, rated residual operating current can be set,limit non-driving time can be set, two sets of relay outputs, with on-site, remote "test" and "reset" functions;

ASJ60系列剩余电流监测仪具有以下功能：16路剩余电流监测，1路预警继电器输出，16路报警继电器输出，2路DI输入，自动重合闸功能，远程通讯功能，远程分合闸功能。

The ASJ60 series residual current monitor has the following functions: 16 residual current monitoring, 1 warning relay output, 16 alarm relay output, 2 DI input, automatic reclosing function, remote communication function, remote opening and closing function.

4 技术指标

ASJ10/20系列剩余电流动作继电器技术指标

ASJ10/20 series residual current action relay technical indicators

ASJ60系列剩余电流监测仪技术指标

Technical indicators of ASJ60 series residual current monitor

 

5 选用说明

剩余电流动作继电器在应用时应注意低压系统的接线型式。

We should pay attention to the type of low-voltage system when the residual current operated relay is use.

其余接线型式需要改造成以上两种型式使用，防止出线误动作或者不动作的情况。

Other remaining wiring types need to be transformed into the two types above to prevent misoperation or failure ofthe outlet.

剩余电流互感器的选择应根据主回路的额定电流为参考选择。

The selection of residual current transformer should be based on the rated current of the main circuit as a reference.

实际应如图所示，互感器安装在主回路或者支路上，通过测量剩余电流判断是否驱动断路器动作。

Actually, as shown in the figure, the transformer is installed on the main circuit or branch,and judge whether to drive the circuit breaker by measuring the residual current.

ASJ10/20剩余电流继电器典型应用

ASJ60剩余电流监测仪典型应用

6 结语

对于喷水池或者景观喷泉的触电事故，出现这些问题很大程度上是管理问题，如果在精细化管理上下功夫，确实能够解决。如果景观喷泉常人一般人无法触及，则不会有触电事故。普通喷水池也可加装围栏等。如果不加围栏或者随时可以进入喷泉区域，还是存在安全隐患。

For electric shock accidents of fountains or landscape fountains, these problems are management problem largely. If you work hard on fine management, it can indeed be solved. If the landscape fountain cannot be touched by ordinary people, there will be no electric shock accidents. Ordinary fountains can also be equipped with fences. If there is no fence or you can enter the fountain area at any time, there is still a safety hazard.

对于此类问题，可以从技术上管控。景观喷泉中景观灯、地埋灯以及公共区域的灯带，全部强制性要求使用24伏乃至12伏安全电。白天全部断开，只在夜晚开放，采用继电器控制的方式。同时强制性安装漏电保护装置，紧急情况下自动断电。

For such problems, it can be controlled by technology . 24 volts or even 12 volts of safety electricity must be used in landscape fountains, landscape lights, underground lights, and light strips in public areas. All lights are disconnected during the day and only open at night, using relay control. At the same time, it is mandatory to install a leakage protection device to cut off the power automaticly in case of emergency.

同时应该做好监督工作。一方面，做好常态化的监督。另一方面，相关单位不定期进行检查，防止线路老化，破损等现象。

At the same time, supervision should be done well. On one hand, doing a good job of normalized supervision,and on the other hand, relevant units should conduct inspections from time to time to prevent line aging and damage.