linux shell脚本分享

一、实现磁盘分区的

只支持分配主分区和标准的linux文件系统(ext4/xfs)的分区

#!/bin/bash
#Function:对硬盘进行分区,得到一个标准的linux文件系统(ext4/xfs)的主分区
cat/proc/partitions>old
read-p"请输入你要分区的硬盘(写绝对路径，如：/dev/sda)："A
if[-e$A];then
echo"true"
else
echo"该设备不存在！！"
exit
fi
read-p"请输入你要创建的磁盘分区类型(这里只能是主分区，默认按回车即可):"B
read-p"请输入分区数字，范围1-4，默认从1开始，默认按回车即可："C
read-p"请输入扇区起始表号，默认按回车即可："D
read-p"请输入你要分区的分区大小(格式：如+5G )："E
fdisk$A<< EOF
n
p
$C
$D
$E
w
EOF
echo "一个标准的linux文件系统的分区已经建立好！！"
partprobe $A
echo "-------------------------------"
cat /proc/partitions
cat /proc/partitions >new
F=`diffnewold|grep"<" | awk '{print $5}'`
echo "-------------------------------"
echo $F
echo "你想对新分区设定什么类型的文件系统？有以下选项："
echo "A：ext4文件系统"
echo "B：xfs文件系统"
read -p "请输入你的选择：" G
case $G in
        a|A)
           mkfs.ext4 /dev/$F
           echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/$F" 下" 
           m=`ls /mnt/|grep $F | wc -l`
           if [ $m -eq 0 ];then
            mkdir /mnt/$F
           fi
           n=`cat /etc/fstab | grep /dev/$F| wc -l`
           if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
              echo "/dev/$F     /mnt/$F     ext4         defaults          0      0" >>/etc/fstab
else
sed-i'/^/dev/$F/c/dev/$F/mnt/$Fext4defaults00'/etc/fstab
fi
mount-a
df-Th
;;
b|B)
mkfs.xfs-f/dev/$F
echo"该分区将被挂载在"/mnt/$F"下"
m=`ls/mnt/|grep$F|wc-l`
if[$m-eq0];then
mkdir/mnt/$F
fi
n=`cat/etc/fstab|grep/dev/$F|wc-l`
if[$n-eq0];then
echo"/dev/$F/mnt/$Fxfsdefaults00">>/etc/fstab
else
sed-i'/^/dev/$F/c/dev/$F/mnt/$Fxfsdefaults00'/etc/fstab
fi
mount-a
df-Th
;;
*)
echo"你的输入有误！！"
esac

二、服务器初始化

#/bin/bash
# 设置时区并同步时间
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
if ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then
    (echo "* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1";crontab -l) |crontab
fi

# 禁用selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}' /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭防火墙
if egrep "7.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
elif egrep "6.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
    service iptables stop
    chkconfig iptables off
fi

# 历史命令显示操作时间
if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then
    echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/bashrc
fi

# SSH超时时间
if ! grep "TMOUT=600" /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then
    echo "export TMOUT=600" >> /etc/profile
fi

# 禁止root远程登录
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# 禁止定时任务向发送邮件
sed -i 's/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/' /etc/crontab

# 设置最大打开文件数
if ! grep "* soft nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then
    cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
    * soft nofile 65535
    * hard nofile 65535
EOF
fi

# 系统内核优化
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
EOF

# 减少SWAP使用
echo "0" > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

# 安装系统性能分析工具及其他
yum install gcc make autoconf vim sysstat net-tools iostat if

三、查看网卡实时流量

#!/bin/bash
NIC=$1
echo -e " In ------ Out"
while true; do
    OLD_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
    OLD_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
    sleep 1
    NEW_IN=$(awk  '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
    NEW_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
    IN=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN)/1024))" "KB/s")
    OUT=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT)/1024))" "KB/s")
    echo "$IN $OUT"
    sleep 1
done

四、nginx日志按天切割

#!/bin/bash
LOG_DIR=/usr/local/nginx/logs
YESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d "yesterday" +%F)
LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +"%Y-%m")
LOG_FILE_LIST="default.access.log"

for LOG_FILE in $LOG_FILE_LIST; do
    [ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR
    mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE $LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME}
done

kill -USR1 $(cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid)

五、nginxacc日志分析

#!/bin/bash
# 日志格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"
LOG_FILE=$1
echo "统计访问最多的10个IP"
awk '{a[$1]++}END{print "UV:",length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10
echo "----------------------"

echo "统计时间段访问最多的IP"
awk '$4>="[01/Dec/201820:25" && $4<="[27/Nov/201820:49"{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10
echo "----------------------"

echo "统计访问最多的10个页面"
awk '{a[$7]++}END{print "PV:",length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr
echo "----------------------"

echo "统计访问页面状态码数量"
awk '{a[$7" "$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5) print v,a[v]}}'

六、监控服务器磁盘利用率

#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info  # 主机列表，实现采集多台主机信息，需要能够ssh到目标主机
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE
    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
        fi
    done
done

七、mysql备份

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=localhost
USER=backup
PASS=passwd
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")

for DB in $DB_LIST; do
    BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}
    [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null
    TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null)
    for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do
        BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql
        if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then
            echo "$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!"
        fi
    done
done

八、统计进程数，找出并kill掉僵尸进程

#!/bin/ bash
ALL_PROCESS=$(1s /proc/ l egrep "[0-9]+")
running_count=0
stoped_count=0s1eeping_count=0zombie_count=O
for pid in ${ALL_PROCESS[*]}do
test -f /proc/$pid/status && state=$(egrep "state"/proc/$pid/status / awk'{print $2}')
case ""$state" in
R)
running_count=$ ((running_count+1))
;
T)
stoped_count=$((stoped_count+1))
;;
s)
sleeping_count=$((sleeping_count+1));
z)
zombie_count=$( (zombie_count+1)) echo "$pid" >>zombie.txt
kill -9 "$pid"
;;
esacdone
echo -e "total:
$((running_count+stoped_count+sleeping_count+zombie_count))
running:$running_count
stoped: $stoped_count
sleeping: $sleeping_count
zombie:$zombie_count"

九、封禁大量恶意访问的IP

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n10000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
        iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
        echo "$(date +'%F_%T') $IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.log
    fi
done

审核编辑：汤梓红