关于HCIA综合实验总结

前言

本篇博客将对HCIA的所有内容做一个总结，整合为一个综合实验来完成。

要求

1.ISP路由器只能配置IP地址，之后不进行任何配置
2.内部整个网络基于192.168.1.0/24进行地址划分
3.R1/2之间启动OSPF协议，单区域
4.PC1-4自动获取IP地址
5.PC1不能telnetR1，PC1外的其余内网PC可以telnet
6.PC1-4，可以访问PC5，R2的公网接口只有一个公有IP地址12.1.1.1
7.外部的client可以通过域名访问http服务
8.ISP路由telnet12.1.1.1，最终成功登录到R1上

一、子网划分

需要三个子网，将192.168.1.0/24 划分到 192.168.1.0/26

192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.0/26用于骨干网段
192.168.1.0/30192.168.1.4/30192.168.1.8/30......
192.168.1.64/26用于AR1虚拟网段
192.168.1.64/27192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.128/26用于AR2虚拟网段
192.168.1.128/27192.168.1.160/27
192.168.1.192/26

二、配置思路

1.IP地址
2.VLAN配置
3.DHCP服务
4.路由协议
5.ACL+NAT

三、配置命令

1.IP地址+vlan+dhcp服务

SW1

vlan batch 2 to 3       //创建vlan2-3

interface Ethernet0/0/1  //接口划入vlan
port link-type access
port default vlan 2
 
interface Ethernet0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 2
 
interface Ethernet0/0/3
port link-type access
port default vlan 3

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1  //Trunk干道
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3

SW2

vlan batch 2 to 3

interface Ethernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 2

interface Ethernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 3

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3

R1

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252 

dhcp enable//开启dhcp服务

ip pool v2//创建IP地址池塘
gateway-list 192.168.1.65 
network 192.168.1.64 mask 255.255.255.224 
dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8 

ip pool v3
gateway-list 192.168.1.97 
network 192.168.1.96 mask 255.255.255.224 
dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8 


interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1//进入子接口（单臂路由）
dot1q termination vid 2//服务vlan2
arp broadcast enable//开启ARP应答
ip address 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.224 
dhcp select global//开启dhcp服务

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2
dot1q termination vid 3
arp broadcast enable
ip address 192.168.1.97 255.255.255.224 
dhcp select global

R2

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 

dhcp enable

ip pool v2
gateway-list 192.168.1.129 
network 192.168.1.128 mask 255.255.255.224 
dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8 

ip pool v3
gateway-list 192.168.1.161 
network 192.168.1.160 mask 255.255.255.224 
dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2.1
dot1q termination vid 2
ip address 192.168.1.129 255.255.255.224 
arp broadcast enable
dhcp select global

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2.2
dot1q termination vid 3
ip address 192.168.1.161 255.255.255.224 
arp broadcast enable
dhcp select global

ISP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 3.3.3.1 255.255.255.0 

2.OSPF配置

R1

ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 //开启ospf协议，给定router-id
area 0.0.0.0 //进入区域0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 //宣告网段

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher xiaoli123//在与邻居相连接口上做认证，保障安全

R2

ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 
default-route-advertise always
area 0.0.0.0 
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher xiaoli123

3.ACL+NAT

R1

aaa 
local-user xiaoli password cipher xiaoli123//通过aaa创建账户
local-user xiaoli service-type telnet//账户对应的服务为telnet
local-user xiaoli privilege level 15//账户权限1-15，15为最高等级

user-interface vty 0 4//用于telnet的接口
authentication-mode aaa//接口上调用账户

acl number 3000  //开启ACL 编号2000-2999为标准ACL，标准ACL只看源IP 3000-3999为扩展ACL
rule 5 deny tcp source 192.168.1.94 0 destination 192.168.1.65 0 destination-port eq telnet//拒绝IP地址为192.168.1.94对192.168.1.65的telnet请求
rule 10 deny tcp source 192.168.1.94 0 destination 192.168.1.97 0 destination-port eq telnet
rule 10 deny tcp source 192.168.1.94 0 destination 192.168.1.1 0 destination-port eq telnet

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1
traffic-filter inbound acl 3000 //接口上调用ACL

R2

acl number 2000  
rule 5 permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255  //抓取来自192.168.1.0-255的流量，用于nat地址转换

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
nat outbound 2000  //在连接外网的接口上启用nat，1对多nat，用来访问外网
nat static protocol tcp global current-interface www inside 192.168.1.98 www netmask 255.255.255.255//1对1nat，用于固定某一服务所对应的IP地址
nat static protocol tcp global current-interface telnet inside 192.168.1.1 telnet netmask 255.255.255.255

4.服务器配置

http服务器

dns服务器

总结

到此，整个实验已经完成，如果可以顺利完成这个实验，说明你对HCIA的掌握很好。

审核编辑：黄飞