基于Kubernetes实现CI/CD配置的流程

一、基本介绍

基于 Kubernetes 实现 CI/CD 配置，其实和往常那些 CI/CD 配置并没有太大区别。都是通过 提交代码，拉取代码，构建代码，发布代码来实现的。 只不过要是通过 K8s 来实现的话，则是需要将构建好的代码打包成镜像，通过镜像的方式来运行。

CI/CD 流程图：

开发将代码提交代码仓库后，我们便可以通过在 Jenkins 上配置脚本或是 Pipline 的方式来实现代码发布，其中发布有两种方式，一种是通过手动发布，另外一种可以通过 WebHook 插件来实现提交代码便自动发布（生产环境不建议自动发布)

脚本内容一般分为：克隆代码、编译代码、将编译好的代码打包成镜像、运行镜像几个步骤。

二、基于 Kubernetes 实现 CI/CD 配置

下面我们是通过容器的方式安装配置，物理安装参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46902396/article/details/118337250

1.配置 GitLab

1）安装 Docker-Compose

[root@k8s-master01~]#wget"https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.3.2/docker-compose-$(uname-s)-$(uname-m)"-O/usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@k8s-master01~]#chmod+x/usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@k8s-master01~]#docker-compose--version

2）安装 GitLab

[root@k8s-master01~]#vimdocker-compose.yml
version:'3'
services:
web:
image:'gitlab/gitlab-ce:14.8.5-ce.0'
restart:always
hostname:192.168.1.1
environment:
GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG:|
external_url'http://192.168.1.1'
ports:
-'1080:80'
-'1443:443'
-'1022:22'
volumes:
-'/app/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab'
-'/app/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab'
-'/app/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab'
[root@k8s-master01~]#docker-composeup-d

因为博主的电脑配置不是很高，所以就不使用上面的方式安装 GitLab，而是直接使用 GitHub 上面的仓库。

2.配置 Jenkins

1）安装 NFS 存储，并配置共享目录

[root@k8s-master01~]#yum-yinstallnfs-utilsrpcbind
[root@k8s-master01~]#echo"/app/jenkins*(rw,sync,no_root_squash)">/etc/exports
[root@k8s-master01~]#mkdir/app/jenkins
[root@k8s-master01~]#systemctlstartrpcbindnfs

2）创建 PV 和 PVC

[root@k8s-master01~]#vimjenkins-pv.yaml
apiVersion:v1
kind:PersistentVolume
metadata:
name:jenkins-pv
spec:
capacity:
storage:10Gi
accessModes:
-ReadWriteMany
nfs:
server:192.168.1.1
path:/app/jenkins
---
apiVersion:v1
kind:PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name:jenkins-pvc
spec:
resources:
requests:
storage:10Gi
accessModes:
-ReadWriteMany
[root@k8s-master01~]#kubectlcreate-fjenkins-pv.yaml

3）创建 RBAC 授权

[root@k8s-master01~]#vimjenkins-sa.yaml
apiVersion:v1
kind:ServiceAccount
metadata:
name:jenkins-sa
---
apiVersion:rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind:ClusterRole
metadata:
name:jenkins-cr
rules:
-apiGroups:["extensions","apps"]
resources:["deployments"]
verbs:["create","delete","get","list","watch","patch","update"]
-apiGroups:[""]
resources:["services"]
verbs:["create","delete","get","list","watch","patch","update"]
-apiGroups:[""]
resources:["pods"]
verbs:["create","delete","get","list","patch","update"]
-apiGroups:[""]
resources:["pods/exec"]
verbs:["create","delete","get","list","patch","update"]
-apiGroups:[""]
resources:["pods/log"]
verbs:["get","list","update"]
-apiGroups:[""]
resources:["secrets"]
verbs:["get"]
---
apiVersion:rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind:ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name:jenkins-crb
roleRef:
kind:ClusterRole
name:jenkins-cr
apiGroup:rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
-kind:ServiceAccount
name:jenkins-sa
namespace:default
[root@k8s-master01~]#kubectlcreate-fjenkins-sa.yaml

4）创建 StatefulSet

[root@k8s-master01~]#vimjenkins-statefulset.yaml
apiVersion:apps/v1
kind:StatefulSet
metadata:
name:jenkins
spec:
serviceName:jenkins
replicas:1
selector:
matchLabels:
app:jenkins
template:
metadata:
name:"jenkins"
labels:
app:jenkins
spec:
serviceAccountName:jenkins-sa
containers:
-name:jenkins
image:jenkins/jenkins:lts
imagePullPolicy:IfNotPresent
ports:
-containerPort:8080
-containerPort:50000
volumeMounts:
-name:jenkins
mountPath:/var/jenkins_home
volumes:
-name:jenkins
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName:jenkins-pvc
[root@k8s-master01~]#chown-R1000/app/jenkins
[root@k8s-master01~]#kubectlcreate-fjenkins-statefulset.yaml

5）创建 Service

[root@k8s-master01~]#vimjenkins-svc.yaml
apiVersion:v1
kind:Service
metadata:
name:jenkins
spec:
type:NodePort
ports:
-name:http
port:8080
targetPort:8080
nodePort:30080
-name:agent
port:50000
targetPort:50000
nodePort:30090
selector:
app:jenkins
[root@k8s-master01~]#kubectlcreate-fjenkins-svc.yaml

6）配置 Jenkins

[root@k8s-master01~]#cat/app/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
a303d66e915e4ee5b26648a64fdff4be

我们这里安装推荐的插件即可，后面有需求可以再进行安装

3.实现 CI/CD 配置

1）在 Jenkins 宿主机上创建 SSH 密钥

[root@k8s-master01~]#ssh-keygen-trsa#三连回车
[root@k8s-master01~]#cat~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub#查看公钥

2）将公钥上传到 GitLab 上

3)将仓库克隆到本地

[root@k8s-master01~]#[e-mail]:ChenZhuang1217/test.git

4）编写 Go 代码

[root@k8s-master01~]#cdtest
[root@k8s-master01test]#vimmain.go
packagemain
import(
"fmt"
"net/http"
)
funcHelloHandler(whttp.ResponseWriter,r*http.Request){
fmt.Fprintf(w,"HelloWorld")
}
funcmain(){
http.HandleFunc("/",HelloHandler)
http.ListenAndServe(":8080",nil)
}

5）编写 Dockerfile

[root@k8s-master01test]#vimDockerfile
FROMgolang:1.16asbuilder
ENVGO111MODULE=on
GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
WORKDIR/app
COPY..
RUNCGO_ENABLED=0GOOS=linuxGOARCH=amd64gobuild-ldflags="-w-s"-omainmain.go

FROMbusybox:1.28.4
WORKDIR/app
COPY--from=builder/app/.
EXPOSE8080
CMD["./main"]
[root@k8s-master01test]#dockerbuild-ttest-web-server:devops-$(date+%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S).

6）提交代码

[root@k8s-master01test]#gitadd.#提交到暂存区
[root@k8s-master01test]#gitconfig--globaluser.email"[e-mail]"#配置用户邮箱
[root@k8s-master01test]#gitcommit-m"ThisistestCI/CD"#提交到本地仓库
[root@k8s-master01test]#gitpush#推送到远程仓库

7）创建 Deployment 和 Service

[root@k8s-master01~]#vimtest-web-server.yaml
apiVersion:apps/v1
kind:Deployment
metadata:
name:test-web-server
spec:
replicas:1
selector:
matchLabels:
app:test-web-server
template:
metadata:
labels:
app:test-web-server
spec:
containers:
-name:test-web-server
image:test-web-server:devops-2022-04-25-17-16-54
imagePullPolicy:IfNotPresent
ports:
-containerPort:8080
---
apiVersion:v1
kind:Service
metadata:
name:test-web-server
spec:
type:NodePort
ports:
-name:test-web-server
port:8080
targetPort:8080
nodePort:30188
selector:
app:test-web-server
[root@k8s-master01~]#kubectlcreate-ftest-web-server.yaml

8)编写 Jenkins 发版脚本

[root@k8s-master01~]#vimtest.sh
#!/bin/bash

>基于SpringCloudAlibaba+Gateway+Nacos+RocketMQ+Vue&Element实现的后台管理系统+用户小程序，支持RBAC动态权限、多租户、数据权限、工作流、三方登录、支付、短信、商城等功能
>
>*项目地址：
>*视频教程：

#固定时间格式
Second=$(date+%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S)

#备份旧的镜像
Image=$(kubectl-shttps://192.168.1.1:6443describepod|grepImage:|awk'{print$2}'|greptest)
echo$Image>/opt/test-image-$Second

#克隆代码
cd/root
if[-dtest];
then
mvtest/opt/test-devops-$Second
[e-mail]:ChenZhuang1217/test.git
else
[e-mail]:ChenZhuang1217/test.git
fi

#发布新的镜像
cd/root/test&&dockerbuild-ttest-web-server:devops-$Second.

#上传到镜像仓库
if[$?-eq0];
then
dockertagtest-web-server:devops-$Secondharbor.tianya.com:5000/test-web-server:devops-$Second
dockerpushharbor.tianya.com:5000/test-web-server:devops-$Second
else
exit1#退出(防止运行下面命令)
fi

#替换镜像
sed-i's/image:.*/image:harbor.tianya.com:5000/test-web-server:devops-'$Second'/g'/root/test-web-server.yaml

#重启应用
kubectldelete-f/root/test-web-server.yaml
kubectlcreate-f/root/test-web-server.yaml
[root@k8s-master01~]#chmod+xtest.sh

上面这个脚本有两步需要注意：

「上传到镜像仓库：」 如果你们没有自己的镜像仓库，可以选择调整脚本或看博主前面写的文章来安装 Harbor 仓库。

「替换镜像：」 我们上面配置的脚本是针对单个模块的，多个模块可以根据 for 循环来实现。

4.验证

1）在 Jenkins 上安装 SSH 插件

安装 SSH 插件的原因是因为，我们这个 Jenkins 是容器安装的，而脚本是在宿主机写的，所以通过远程到宿主机来运行脚本。

2）配置远程主机的用户名和密码

3）创建 Jenkins 私钥凭证（类型选择：SSH Username with private key）

4）配置 Jenkins 流水线

5）修改代码

6）在 Jenkins 上发布

审核编辑：刘清