使用Arduino的基于RFID的访问控制系统

描述

在上一篇文章中，您了解了使用 Arduino 的基于 RFID 和键盘的门锁和警报系统，其中用户必须扫描正确的标签并输入正确的密码才能打开门锁，系统还会向我们发送确认消息。

在这篇文章中，您将了解如何使用 Arduino 构建基于 RFID 的访问控制系统。系统只允许扫描正确的标签和扫描错误的标签，系统将拒绝访问，并且蜂鸣器会发出哔哔声。将有一个主标签用于添加/删除其他标签。

模块断电后保存的标签仍会保留。重置系统的唯一方法是使用擦除按钮，该按钮将擦除 EEPROM 中的所有数据。EEPROM 大约有 100, 000 个有限的写入周期。

这是 RFID Arduino 系列的第四篇文章。RFID Arduino系列所有文章如下

• RFID 基础知识和与 Arduino 连接的 RFID 模块
• 使用 Arduino 的基于 RFID 和键盘的门锁
• 使用 Arduino 的基于 RFID 和键盘的门锁和警报系统
• 使用 Arduino 的基于 RFID 的访问控制系统
• 使用 Arduino 的基于 RFID 的访问控制和警报系统
• 使用 Arduino 的基于 RFID 和键盘的访问控制
• 使用 Arduino 的基于 RFID 和键盘的访问控制和警报系统

使用Arduino的基于RFID的访问控制系统的工作

第一次启动项目时，它会要求您定义一个主标签，您将扫描的任何标签都将是您的主标签。主标签将充当程序员，您可以使用它来添加或删除其他标签。

定义主标签后，您必须添加可用于开门的其他标签。为此，请扫描主标签，它将使系统进入程序模式。

在程序模式下，扫描标签将从系统中添加/删除这些标签。扫描您想用来开门的标签，系统会将这些标签的 UID 存储在 EEPROM 中。再次扫描标签以将其从 EEPROM 中移除。要退出编程模式，请扫描主标签。

现在扫描您在系统中添加的标签以打开门，扫描错误的标签时，门将保持关闭状态。

要重置系统，请按 Arduino 的重置按钮，然后长按擦除按钮 10 秒。这将从 EEPROM 中删除所有数据，包括主标签。

 

 

电路图及说明

RFID 阅读器通过 SPI 协议与 Arduino 通信，不同的 Arduino 板具有不同的 SPI 引脚。

要测试 RFID 阅读器是否正常工作，请上传 Arduino 中示例中的“dumpinfo”，看看它是否在串行监视器上显示标签的信息。如果您是 RFID 新手，请遵循本教程 | RFID 基础知识和与 Arduino 连接的 RFID 模块

I2C LCD 通过 I2C 协议与 Arduino 通信。不同的 Arduino 板具有不同的 I2C 引脚。Arduino Uno 和 Arduino Nano 上的 I2C 引脚是 A4、A5。

之后，将 Arduino 与伺服、LED、蜂鸣器和按钮连接起来。

最后，将电源连接到 Arduino。我用了三个 18650 电池。我们可以通过筒形千斤顶给 Arduino 提供 6 到 12V 的电压。

使用Arduino的基于RFID的访问控制系统的完整电路图如下

 

 

代码

下面的代码是 Miguel Balboa 编写的库中示例草图的修改版本。图书馆的链接如下

https://github.com/miguelbalboa/rfid

使用Arduino的基于RFID的访问控制系统的完整代码如下

#include      // We are going to read and write Tag's UIDs from/to EEPROM
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
// Create instances
MFRC522 mfrc522(10, 9); // MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN)
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
Servo myServo;  // create servo object to control a servo
// Set Pins for led's, servo, buzzer and wipe button
constexpr uint8_t greenLed = 7;
constexpr uint8_t blueLed = 6;
constexpr uint8_t redLed = 5;
constexpr uint8_t ServoPin = 8;
constexpr uint8_t BuzzerPin = 4;
constexpr uint8_t wipeB = 3;     // Button pin for WipeMode
boolean match = false;          // initialize card match to false
boolean programMode = false;  // initialize programming mode to false
boolean replaceMaster = false;
uint8_t successRead;    // Variable integer to keep if we have Successful Read from Reader
byte storedCard[4];   // Stores an ID read from EEPROM
byte readCard[4];   // Stores scanned ID read from RFID Module
byte masterCard[4];   // Stores master card's ID read from EEPROM
///////////////////////////////////////// Setup ///////////////////////////////////
void setup() {
  //Arduino Pin Configuration
  pinMode(redLed, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(greenLed, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(blueLed, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BuzzerPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(wipeB, INPUT_PULLUP);   // Enable pin's pull up resistor
  // Make sure led's are off
  digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);
  digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);
  digitalWrite(blueLed, LOW);
  //Protocol Configuration
  lcd.begin();  // initialize the LCD
  lcd.backlight();
  SPI.begin();           // MFRC522 Hardware uses SPI protocol
  mfrc522.PCD_Init();    // Initialize MFRC522 Hardware
  myServo.attach(ServoPin);   // attaches the servo on pin 8 to the servo object
  myServo.write(10);   // Initial Position
  //If you set Antenna Gain to Max it will increase reading distance
  //mfrc522.PCD_SetAntennaGain(mfrc522.RxGain_max);
  ShowReaderDetails();  // Show details of PCD - MFRC522 Card Reader details
  //Wipe Code - If the Button (wipeB) Pressed while setup run (powered on) it wipes EEPROM
  if (digitalRead(wipeB) == LOW) {  // when button pressed pin should get low, button connected to ground
    digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH); // Red Led stays on to inform user we are going to wipe
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Button Pressed");
    digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
    delay(1000);
    digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("This will remove");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("all records");
    delay(2000);
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("You have 10 ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("secs to Cancel");
    delay(2000);
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Unpres to cancel");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Counting: ");
    bool buttonState = monitorWipeButton(10000); // Give user enough time to cancel operation
    if (buttonState == true && digitalRead(wipeB) == LOW) {    // If button still be pressed, wipe EEPROM
      lcd.print("Wiping EEPROM...");
      for (uint16_t x = 0; x < EEPROM.length(); x = x + 1) {    //Loop end of EEPROM address
        if (EEPROM.read(x) == 0) {              //If EEPROM address 0
          // do nothing, already clear, go to the next address in order to save time and reduce writes to EEPROM
        }
        else {
          EEPROM.write(x, 0);       // if not write 0 to clear, it takes 3.3mS
        }
      }
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Wiping Done");
      // visualize a successful wipe
      digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
      delay(200);
      digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
      delay(200);
      digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
      delay(200);
      digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
      delay(200);
      digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);
    }
    else {
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Wiping Cancelled"); // Show some feedback that the wipe button did not pressed for 10 seconds
      digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);
    }
  }
  // Check if master card defined, if not let user choose a master card
  // This also useful to just redefine the Master Card
  // You can keep other EEPROM records just write other than 143 to EEPROM address 1
  // EEPROM address 1 should hold magical number which is '143'
  if (EEPROM.read(1) != 143) {
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("No Master Card ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Defined");
    delay(2000);
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Scan A Tag to ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Define as Master");
    do {
      successRead = getID();            // sets successRead to 1 when we get read from reader otherwise 0
      // Visualize Master Card need to be defined
      digitalWrite(blueLed, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
      delay(200);
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
      digitalWrite(blueLed, LOW);
      delay(200);
    }
    while (!successRead);                  // Program will not go further while you not get a successful read
    for ( uint8_t j = 0; j < 4; j++ ) {        // Loop 4 times
      EEPROM.write( 2 + j, readCard[j] );  // Write scanned Tag's UID to EEPROM, start from address 3
    }
    EEPROM.write(1, 143);                  // Write to EEPROM we defined Master Card.
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Master Defined");
    delay(2000);
  }
  for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {          // Read Master Card's UID from EEPROM
    masterCard[i] = EEPROM.read(2 + i);    // Write it to masterCard
  }
  ShowOnLCD();    // Print data on LCD
  cycleLeds();    // Everything ready lets give user some feedback by cycling leds
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Main Loop ///////////////////////////////////
void loop () {
  do {
    successRead = getID();  // sets successRead to 1 when we get read from reader otherwise 0
    if (programMode) {
      cycleLeds();              // Program Mode cycles through Red Green Blue waiting to read a new card
    }
    else {
      normalModeOn();     // Normal mode, blue Power LED is on, all others are off
    }
  }
  while (!successRead);   //the program will not go further while you are not getting a successful read
  if (programMode) {
    if ( isMaster(readCard) ) { //When in program mode check First If master card scanned again to exit program mode
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Exiting Program Mode");
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
      delay(1000);
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
      ShowOnLCD();
      programMode = false;
      return;
    }
    else {
      if ( findID(readCard) ) { // If scanned card is known delete it
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("Already there");
        deleteID(readCard);
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("Tag to ADD/REM");
        lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd.print("Master to Exit");
      }
      else {                    // If scanned card is not known add it
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("New Tag,adding...");
        writeID(readCard);
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("Scan to ADD/REM");
        lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd.print("Master to Exit");
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    if ( isMaster(readCard)) {    // If scanned card's ID matches Master Card's ID - enter program mode
      programMode = true;
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Program Mode");
      uint8_t count = EEPROM.read(0);   // Read the first Byte of EEPROM that stores the number of ID's in EEPROM
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print("I have ");
      lcd.print(count);
      lcd.print(" records");
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
      delay(2000);
      digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Scan a Tag to ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print("ADD/REMOVE");
    }
    else {
      if ( findID(readCard) ) { // If not, see if the card is in the EEPROM
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("Access Granted");
        granted();         // Open the door lock
        myServo.write(10);
        ShowOnLCD();
      }
      else {      // If not, show that the Access is denied
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print("Access Denied");
        denied();
        ShowOnLCD();
      }
    }
  }
}
/////////////////////////////////////////  Access Granted    ///////////////////////////////////
void granted () {
  digitalWrite(blueLed, LOW);   // Turn off blue LED
  digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);  // Turn off red LED
  digitalWrite(greenLed, HIGH);   // Turn on green LED
  myServo.write(90);
  delay(1000);
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Access Denied  ///////////////////////////////////
void denied() {
  digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);  // Make sure green LED is off
  digitalWrite(blueLed, LOW);   // Make sure blue LED is off
  digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH);   // Turn on red LED
  digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Get Tag's UID ///////////////////////////////////
uint8_t getID() {
  // Getting ready for Reading Tags
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) { //If a new Tag placed to RFID reader continue
    return 0;
  }
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {   //Since a Tag placed get Serial and continue
    return 0;
  }
  // There are Mifare Tags which have 4 byte or 7 byte UID care if you use 7 byte Tag
  // I think we should assume every Tag as they have 4 byte UID
  // Until we support 7 byte Tags
  for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {  //
    readCard[i] = mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i];
  }
  mfrc522.PICC_HaltA(); // Stop reading
  return 1;
}
/////////////////////// Check if RFID Reader is correctly initialized or not /////////////////////
void ShowReaderDetails() {
  // Get the MFRC522 software version
  byte v = mfrc522.PCD_ReadRegister(mfrc522.VersionReg);
  // When 0x00 or 0xFF is returned, communication probably failed
  if ((v == 0x00) || (v == 0xFF)) {
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Communication Failure");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Check Connections");
    digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
    delay(2000);
    // Visualize system is halted
    digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);  // Make sure green LED is off
    digitalWrite(blueLed, LOW);   // Make sure blue LED is off
    digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH);   // Turn on red LED
    digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
    while (true); // do not go further
  }
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Cycle Leds (Program Mode) ///////////////////////////////////
void cycleLeds() {
  digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);  // Make sure red LED is off
  digitalWrite(greenLed, HIGH);   // Make sure green LED is on
  digitalWrite(blueLed, LOW);   // Make sure blue LED is off
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);  // Make sure red LED is off
  digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);  // Make sure green LED is off
  digitalWrite(blueLed, HIGH);  // Make sure blue LED is on
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH);   // Make sure red LED is on
  digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);  // Make sure green LED is off
  digitalWrite(blueLed, LOW);   // Make sure blue LED is off
  delay(200);
}
//////////////////////////////////////// Normal Mode Led  ///////////////////////////////////
void normalModeOn () {
  digitalWrite(blueLed, HIGH);  // Blue LED ON and ready to read card
  digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);  // Make sure Red LED is off
  digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);  // Make sure Green LED is off
}
//////////////////////////////////////// Read an ID from EEPROM //////////////////////////////
void readID( uint8_t number ) {
  uint8_t start = (number * 4 ) + 2;    // Figure out starting position
  for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {     // Loop 4 times to get the 4 Bytes
    storedCard[i] = EEPROM.read(start + i);   // Assign values read from EEPROM to array
  }
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Add ID to EEPROM   ///////////////////////////////////
void writeID( byte a[] ) {
  if ( !findID( a ) ) {     // Before we write to the EEPROM, check to see if we have seen this card before!
    uint8_t num = EEPROM.read(0);     // Get the numer of used spaces, position 0 stores the number of ID cards
    uint8_t start = ( num * 4 ) + 6;  // Figure out where the next slot starts
    num++;                // Increment the counter by one
    EEPROM.write( 0, num );     // Write the new count to the counter
    for ( uint8_t j = 0; j < 4; j++ ) {   // Loop 4 times
      EEPROM.write( start + j, a[j] );  // Write the array values to EEPROM in the right position
    }
    BlinkLEDS(greenLed);
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Added");
    delay(1000);
  }
  else {
    BlinkLEDS(redLed);
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Failed!");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("wrong ID or bad EEPROM");
    delay(2000);
  }
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Remove ID from EEPROM   ///////////////////////////////////
void deleteID( byte a[] ) {
  if ( !findID( a ) ) {     // Before we delete from the EEPROM, check to see if we have this card!
    BlinkLEDS(redLed);      // If not
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Failed!");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("wrong ID or bad EEPROM");
    delay(2000);
  }
  else {
    uint8_t num = EEPROM.read(0);   // Get the numer of used spaces, position 0 stores the number of ID cards
    uint8_t slot;       // Figure out the slot number of the card
    uint8_t start;      // = ( num * 4 ) + 6; // Figure out where the next slot starts
    uint8_t looping;    // The number of times the loop repeats
    uint8_t j;
    uint8_t count = EEPROM.read(0); // Read the first Byte of EEPROM that stores number of cards
    slot = findIDSLOT( a );   // Figure out the slot number of the card to delete
    start = (slot * 4) + 2;
    looping = ((num - slot) * 4);
    num--;      // Decrement the counter by one
    EEPROM.write( 0, num );   // Write the new count to the counter
    for ( j = 0; j < looping; j++ ) {         // Loop the card shift times
      EEPROM.write( start + j, EEPROM.read(start + 4 + j));   // Shift the array values to 4 places earlier in the EEPROM
    }
    for ( uint8_t k = 0; k < 4; k++ ) {         // Shifting loop
      EEPROM.write( start + j + k, 0);
    }
    BlinkLEDS(blueLed);
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Removed");
    delay(1000);
  }
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Check Bytes   ///////////////////////////////////
boolean checkTwo ( byte a[], byte b[] ) {
  if ( a[0] != 0 )      // Make sure there is something in the array first
    match = true;       // Assume they match at first
  for ( uint8_t k = 0; k < 4; k++ ) {   // Loop 4 times
    if ( a[k] != b[k] )     // IF a != b then set match = false, one fails, all fail
      match = false;
  }
  if ( match ) {      // Check to see if if match is still true
    return true;      // Return true
  }
  else  {
    return false;       // Return false
  }
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Find Slot   ///////////////////////////////////
uint8_t findIDSLOT( byte find[] ) {
  uint8_t count = EEPROM.read(0);       // Read the first Byte of EEPROM that
  for ( uint8_t i = 1; i <= count; i++ ) {    // Loop once for each EEPROM entry
    readID(i);                // Read an ID from EEPROM, it is stored in storedCard[4]
    if ( checkTwo( find, storedCard ) ) {   // Check to see if the storedCard read from EEPROM
      // is the same as the find[] ID card passed
      return i;         // The slot number of the card
      break;          // Stop looking we found it
    }
  }
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Find ID From EEPROM   ///////////////////////////////////
boolean findID( byte find[] ) {
  uint8_t count = EEPROM.read(0);     // Read the first Byte of EEPROM that
  for ( uint8_t i = 1; i <= count; i++ ) {    // Loop once for each EEPROM entry
    readID(i);          // Read an ID from EEPROM, it is stored in storedCard[4]
    if ( checkTwo( find, storedCard ) ) {   // Check to see if the storedCard read from EEPROM
      return true;
      break;  // Stop looking we found it
    }
    else {    // If not, return false
    }
  }
  return false;
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Blink LED's For Indication   ///////////////////////////////////
void BlinkLEDS(int led) {
  digitalWrite(blueLed, LOW);   // Make sure blue LED is off
  digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);  // Make sure red LED is off
  digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);  // Make sure green LED is off
  digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(led, HIGH);  // Make sure blue LED is on
  digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(led, LOW);   // Make sure blue LED is off
  digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(led, HIGH);  // Make sure blue LED is on
  digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(led, LOW);   // Make sure blue LED is off
  digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(led, HIGH);  // Make sure blue LED is on
  digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
  delay(200);
}
////////////////////// Check readCard IF is masterCard   ///////////////////////////////////
// Check to see if the ID passed is the master programing card
boolean isMaster( byte test[] ) {
  if ( checkTwo( test, masterCard ) )
    return true;
  else
    return false;
}
/////////////////// Counter to check in reset/wipe button is pressed or not   /////////////////////
bool monitorWipeButton(uint32_t interval) {
  unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // grab current time
  while (millis() - currentMillis < interval)  {
    int timeSpent = (millis() - currentMillis) / 1000;
    Serial.println(timeSpent);
    lcd.setCursor(10, 1);
    lcd.print(timeSpent);
    // check on every half a second
    if (((uint32_t)millis() % 10) == 0) {
      if (digitalRead(wipeB) != LOW) {
        return false;
      }
    }
  }
  return true;
}
////////////////////// Print Info on LCD   ///////////////////////////////////
void ShowOnLCD() {
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print(" Access Control");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("   Scan a Tag");
}