鸿蒙OS开发实战：【穿戴应用】

背景

写HarmonyOS穿戴应用研发，仅仅是为了一线研发人员提供少许的帮助。

在有些公司，可能因为业务的需要，所以要求研发人员一定要在华为手表穿戴上研发特定的功能，并且理所应当的认为这个开发成本就一个顺手的事情。

开发应用顺手的原因无非就几点

1. 宣传 - HarmonyOS已经看似非常成熟
2. 实践UI效果 - 研发人员在手机上也能写出绚丽的页面和功能
3. 汇报 - 会写H5前端，就能立即开发HarmonyOS应用

穿戴研发核心注意点

1. developer.harmonyos.com 网站中的文档，只能阅读3.0版本
2. 智能穿戴 和 轻穿戴 应用均采用JS语言开发
3. 智能穿戴 对应产品 - HUAWEI WATCH 3
4. 轻穿戴 对应产品 - HUAWEI WATCH GT 2 Pro，HUAWEI WATCH GT 3
5. 和你产品功能相关的API，切记真机验证
6. JS调用Java的文档一定要阅读，因为穿戴设备上的JS API功能相对来说比较少
7. JS语言开发的应用启动时的第一个页面是由 congfig.json 文件中的 module -> js -> pages 中的第一个位置文件决定的，比如如下截图中的红色框文件

重点-JS调用Java

场景

录音docs.qq.com/doc/DUmN4VVhBd3NxdExK前往。

效果图

为了快速演示效果，效果图来自IDE

代码说明

这里暂且认为你已阅读过3.0的开发文档，并且已经知晓所有的目录结构和开发语言

js代码包含三部分：1. hml页面 2. js逻辑处理 3. css页面样式

布局

testrecordaudiopage.js

import router from '@system.router';
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
import serviceBridge from '../../generated/ServiceBridge.js';

var vm = null

export default {
    data: {
        title: "",
        button_record: "录音",
        show_button_record: true,
        button_play: "播放",
        show_button_play: true,
        record: null
    },
    onInit() {
        this.title = "JS 录音";
        vm = this
    },
    onHide() {
        if(this.record){
            this.record.stopPlay()
            this.record.stopRecord()
        }
    },
    swipeEvent(e) {
        if (e.direction == "right") {
            router.back()
        }
    },
    async audioRecorderDemo(type) {

        this.record = new serviceBridge()

        if (type === 'recordaudio') {
            if(this.button_record === '录音'){
                this.record.startRecord().then(value = > {
                    if(value.abilityResult == 3){
                        vm.button_record = '停止录音'
                        vm.show_button_play = false
                    }
                });

            } else {
                this.record.stopRecord().then(value = > {
                    if(value.abilityResult == 1){
                        vm.button_record = '录音'
                        vm.show_button_play = true
                    }
                });
            }

        } else if (type === 'playaudio') {

            if(this.button_play === '播放'){
                this.record.play().then(value = > {
                    if(value.abilityResult == 3){
                        vm.button_play = '停止播放'
                        vm.show_button_record = false

                        var playTimeStatus = setInterval(()= >{
                            this.record.isPlaying().then(value = > {
                                if(!value.abilityResult){
                                    vm.button_play = '播放'
                                    vm.show_button_record = true
                                    clearInterval(playTimeStatus)
                                }
                            })

                        }, 1000)
                    }
                })
            } else {
                this.record.stopPlay().then(value = > {
                    if(value.abilityResult == 1){
                        vm.button_play = '播放'
                        vm.show_button_record = true
                    }
                })
            }

        }

    }
}
复制

testrecordaudiopage.hml

< div class="container" onswipe="swipeEvent" >
    < text class="title" >
        {{ title }}
    < /text >

    < div class="audiobutton" >
        < button class="buttons_record" show="{{show_button_record}}" onclick="audioRecorderDemo('recordaudio')" >{{button_record}}< /button >
        < button class="buttons_play" show="{{show_button_play}}" onclick="audioRecorderDemo('playaudio')" >{{button_play}}< /button >
    < /div >

< /div >
复制

testrecordaudiopage.css

.container {
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    background-color: black;
}

.title {
    font-size: 25fp;
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 20px;
}

.audiobutton {
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
}

.buttons_record {
    width: 45%;
    height: 15%;
    font-size: 20fp;
    text-color: white;
    background-color: #1F71FF;
}

.buttons_play {
    width: 45%;
    height: 15%;
    font-size: 20fp;
    margin-top: 10vp;
    text-color: white;
    background-color: #1F71FF;
}
复制

Java API实现的功能

js/generated/ServiceBridge.js，注意这个文件是自动生成的.

关于自动生成js代码的指导，参见：docs.qq.com/doc/DUmN4VVhBd3NxdExK

// This file is automatically generated. Do not modify it!
const ABILITY_TYPE_EXTERNAL = 0;
const ABILITY_TYPE_INTERNAL = 1;
const ACTION_SYNC = 0;
const ACTION_ASYNC = 1;
const BUNDLE_NAME = 'com.harvey.hw.wear';
const ABILITY_NAME = 'com.harvey.hw.wear.ServiceBridgeStub';
......
const OPCODE_startRecord = 11;
const OPCODE_stopRecord = 12;
const OPCODE_stopPlay = 13;
const OPCODE_isPlaying = 14;
const OPCODE_play = 15;
const sendRequest = async (opcode, data) = > {
    var action = {};
    action.bundleName = BUNDLE_NAME;
    action.abilityName = ABILITY_NAME;
    action.messageCode = opcode;
    action.data = data;
    action.abilityType = ABILITY_TYPE_INTERNAL;
    action.syncOption = ACTION_SYNC;
    return FeatureAbility.callAbility(action);
}
class ServiceBridge {
   ......
 
   async startRecord() {
      if (arguments.length != 0) {
         throw new Error("Method expected 0 arguments, got " + arguments.length);
      }
      let data = {};
      const result = await sendRequest(OPCODE_startRecord, data);
      return JSON.parse(result);
   }
   async stopRecord() {
      if (arguments.length != 0) {
         throw new Error("Method expected 0 arguments, got " + arguments.length);
      }
      let data = {};
      const result = await sendRequest(OPCODE_stopRecord, data);
      return JSON.parse(result);
   }
   async stopPlay() {
      if (arguments.length != 0) {
         throw new Error("Method expected 0 arguments, got " + arguments.length);
      }
      let data = {};
      const result = await sendRequest(OPCODE_stopPlay, data);
      return JSON.parse(result);
   }
   async isPlaying() {
      if (arguments.length != 0) {
         throw new Error("Method expected 0 arguments, got " + arguments.length);
      }
      let data = {};
      const result = await sendRequest(OPCODE_isPlaying, data);
      return JSON.parse(result);
   }
   async play() {
      if (arguments.length != 0) {
         throw new Error("Method expected 0 arguments, got " + arguments.length);
      }
      let data = {};
      const result = await sendRequest(OPCODE_play, data);
      return JSON.parse(result);
   }
}
export default ServiceBridge;
复制

既然这个文件是自动生成的，那么继续看工程配置。

首先，在 工程根目录/entry/src/main/java 文件夹下的包名（文章举例使用：com.harvey.hw.wear）中创建一个名为ServiceBridge.java的文件

其次，配置初始化和声明ServiceBridge.js文件的注解。为什么注册路径文件是MainAbility, 因为初始化的代码是在MainAbility.java文件中

package com.harvey.hw.wear;

import com.harvey.hw.wear.bluetooth.BLEMain;
import ohos.annotation.f2pautogen.ContextInject;
import ohos.annotation.f2pautogen.InternalAbility;
import ohos.app.AbilityContext;
import ohos.bundle.IBundleManager;
import ohos.dcall.DistributedCallManager;
import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLog;
import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLogLabel;
import ohos.media.audio.*;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.Arrays;

@InternalAbility(registerTo = "com.harvey.hw.wear.MainAbility")
public class ServiceBridge {

    private static final HiLogLabel LABEL_LOG = new HiLogLabel(3, 0xD001100, "ServiceBridge");

    @ContextInject
    AbilityContext abilityContext;

    ......
    
    //样例：录音
    /**
     * 录音 - 启动
     * @return
     */
    public int startRecord() {
        if(isRecording){
            return 1;
        }

        if(abilityContext.verifySelfPermission("ohos.permission.MICROPHONE") == IBundleManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){
            requestPermissions();
            return 2;
        }
        HiLog.error(LABEL_LOG, "RecordServiceAbility::onStart");
        init();
        runRecord();


        return 3;
    }

    /**
     * 录音 - 停止
     * @return
     */
    public int stopRecord() {
        if (isRecording && audioCapturer.stop()) {
            audioCapturer.release();
        }
        isRecording = false;
        return 1;
    }

    private AudioRenderer renderer;
    private static boolean isPlaying = false;

    /**
     * 播放 - 停止
     * @return
     */
    public int stopPlay() {
        if(isPlaying && renderer.stop()){
            renderer.release();
        }
        isPlaying = false;
        return 1;
    }

    /**
     * 获取音频播放状态
     * @return
     */
    public boolean isPlaying(){
        return isPlaying;
    }

    /**
     * 播放 - 启动
     * @return
     */
    public int play() {
        if(isPlaying){
            return 1;
        }

        isPlaying = true;
        String Path = "/data/data/"+abilityContext.getBundleName()+"/files/record.pcm";
        File pcmFilePath = new File(Path);
        if(!pcmFilePath.isFile() || !pcmFilePath.exists()){
            isPlaying = false;
            return 2;
        }

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                AudioStreamInfo audioStreamInfo = new AudioStreamInfo.Builder().sampleRate(SAMPLE_RATE)
                        .encodingFormat(ENCODING_FORMAT)
                        .channelMask(CHANNEL_OUT_MASK)
                        .streamUsage(AudioStreamInfo.StreamUsage.STREAM_USAGE_MEDIA)
                        .build();

                AudioRendererInfo audioRendererInfo = new AudioRendererInfo.Builder().audioStreamInfo(audioStreamInfo)
                        .audioStreamOutputFlag(AudioRendererInfo.AudioStreamOutputFlag.AUDIO_STREAM_OUTPUT_FLAG_DIRECT_PCM)
                        .sessionID(AudioRendererInfo.SESSION_ID_UNSPECIFIED)
                        .bufferSizeInBytes(BUFFER_SIZE)
                        .isOffload(false)
                        .build();

                renderer = new AudioRenderer(audioRendererInfo, AudioRenderer.PlayMode.MODE_STREAM);
                AudioInterrupt audioInterrupt = new AudioInterrupt();
                AudioManager audioManager = new AudioManager();
                audioInterrupt.setStreamInfo(audioStreamInfo);
                audioInterrupt.setInterruptListener(new AudioInterrupt.InterruptListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onInterrupt(int type, int hint) {
                        if (type == AudioInterrupt.INTERRUPT_TYPE_BEGIN
                                && hint == AudioInterrupt.INTERRUPT_HINT_PAUSE) {
                            renderer.pause();
                        } else if (type == AudioInterrupt.INTERRUPT_TYPE_BEGIN
                                && hint == AudioInterrupt.INTERRUPT_HINT_NONE) {

                        } else if (type == AudioInterrupt.INTERRUPT_TYPE_END && (
                                hint == AudioInterrupt.INTERRUPT_HINT_NONE
                                        || hint == AudioInterrupt.INTERRUPT_HINT_RESUME)) {
                            renderer.start();
                        } else {
                            HiLog.error(LABEL_LOG, "unexpected type or hint");
                        }
                    }
                });
                audioManager.activateAudioInterrupt(audioInterrupt);

                AudioDeviceDescriptor[] devices = AudioManager.getDevices(AudioDeviceDescriptor.DeviceFlag.INPUT_DEVICES_FLAG);
                for(AudioDeviceDescriptor des:devices){
                    if(des.getType() == AudioDeviceDescriptor.DeviceType.SPEAKER){
                        renderer.setOutputDevice(des);
                        break;
                    }
                }

                renderer.setVolume(1.0f);
                renderer.start();

                BufferedInputStream bis1 = null;
                try {
                    bis1 = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(pcmFilePath));
                    int minBufferSize = renderer.getMinBufferSize(SAMPLE_RATE, ENCODING_FORMAT,
                            CHANNEL_OUT_MASK);
                    byte[] buffers = new byte[minBufferSize];
                    while ((bis1.read(buffers)) != -1) {
                        if(isPlaying){
                            renderer.write(buffers, 0, buffers.length);
                            renderer.flush();
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    if (bis1 != null) {
                        try {
                            bis1.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }

                stopPlay();
            }
        }).start();

        return 3;
    }

    private AudioCapturer audioCapturer;
    private static final AudioStreamInfo.EncodingFormat ENCODING_FORMAT = AudioStreamInfo.EncodingFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
    private static final AudioStreamInfo.ChannelMask CHANNEL_IN_MASK = AudioStreamInfo.ChannelMask.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO;
    private static final AudioStreamInfo.ChannelMask CHANNEL_OUT_MASK = AudioStreamInfo.ChannelMask.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
    private static final int SAMPLE_RATE = 16000;
    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
    private static boolean isRecording = false;

    private void init() {
        AudioDeviceDescriptor[] devices = AudioManager.getDevices(AudioDeviceDescriptor.DeviceFlag.INPUT_DEVICES_FLAG);
        AudioDeviceDescriptor currentAudioType = null;
        for(AudioDeviceDescriptor des:devices){
            if(des.getType() == AudioDeviceDescriptor.DeviceType.MIC){
                currentAudioType = des;
                break;
            }
        }

        AudioCapturerInfo.AudioInputSource source = AudioCapturerInfo.AudioInputSource.AUDIO_INPUT_SOURCE_MIC;
        AudioStreamInfo audioStreamInfo = new AudioStreamInfo.Builder().audioStreamFlag(
                        AudioStreamInfo.AudioStreamFlag.AUDIO_STREAM_FLAG_AUDIBILITY_ENFORCED)
                .encodingFormat(ENCODING_FORMAT)
                .channelMask(CHANNEL_IN_MASK)
                .streamUsage(AudioStreamInfo.StreamUsage.STREAM_USAGE_MEDIA)
                .sampleRate(SAMPLE_RATE)
                .build();
        AudioCapturerInfo audioCapturerInfo = new AudioCapturerInfo.Builder().audioStreamInfo(audioStreamInfo)
                .audioInputSource(source)
                .build();
        audioCapturer = new AudioCapturer(audioCapturerInfo, currentAudioType);
    }

    private void runRecord() {
        isRecording = true;

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //启动录音
                audioCapturer.start();

                File file = new File("/data/data/"+abilityContext.getBundleName()+"/files/record.pcm");
                if (file.isFile()) {
                    file.delete();
                }
                try (FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
                    while (audioCapturer.read(bytes, 0, bytes.length) != -1) {
                        outputStream.write(bytes);
                        bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
                        outputStream.flush();
                        if(!isRecording){
                            outputStream.close();
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } catch (IOException exception) {
                    HiLog.error(LABEL_LOG, "record exception," + exception.getMessage());
                }

            }
        }).start();

    }

    private void requestPermissions() {
        String[] permissions = {
                "ohos.permission.MICROPHONE"
        };
        abilityContext.requestPermissionsFromUser(Arrays.stream(permissions)
                .filter(permission - > abilityContext.verifySelfPermission(permission) != IBundleManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED).toArray(String[]::new), 0);
    }

}
复制

第三，如何初始化ServiceBridge.java呢？创建一个中间文件，命名为ServiceBridgeStub.java。

public class MainAbility extends AceAbility {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        ServiceBridgeStub.register(this);
        ......
    }
    
    ......
}
复制

ServiceBridgeStub.java

package com.harvey.hw.wear;

import java.lang.Object;
import java.lang.String;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import ohos.ace.ability.AceInternalAbility;
import ohos.app.AbilityContext;
import ohos.rpc.IRemoteObject;
import ohos.rpc.MessageOption;
import ohos.rpc.MessageParcel;
import ohos.rpc.RemoteException;
import ohos.utils.zson.ZSONObject;

public class ServiceBridgeStub extends AceInternalAbility {
  public static final String BUNDLE_NAME = "com.harvey.hw.wear";

  public static final String ABILITY_NAME = "com.harvey.hw.wear.ServiceBridgeStub";

  public static final int ERROR = -1;

  public static final int SUCCESS = 0;

  ......

  public static final int OPCODE_startRecord = 11;

  public static final int OPCODE_stopRecord = 12;

  public static final int OPCODE_stopPlay = 13;

  public static final int OPCODE_isPlaying = 14;

  public static final int OPCODE_play = 15;

  private static ServiceBridgeStub instance;

  private ServiceBridge service;

  private AbilityContext abilityContext;

  public ServiceBridgeStub() {
    super(BUNDLE_NAME, ABILITY_NAME);
  }

  public boolean onRemoteRequest(int code, MessageParcel data, MessageParcel reply,
      MessageOption option) {
    Map< String, Object > result = new HashMap< String, Object >();
    switch(code) {
    
      ......
      
      case OPCODE_startRecord: {
      java.lang.String zsonStr = data.readString();
      ZSONObject zsonObject = ZSONObject.stringToZSON(zsonStr);
      result.put("code", SUCCESS);
      result.put("abilityResult", service.startRecord());
      break;}
      case OPCODE_stopRecord: {
      java.lang.String zsonStr = data.readString();
      ZSONObject zsonObject = ZSONObject.stringToZSON(zsonStr);
      result.put("code", SUCCESS);
      result.put("abilityResult", service.stopRecord());
      break;}
      case OPCODE_stopPlay: {
      java.lang.String zsonStr = data.readString();
      ZSONObject zsonObject = ZSONObject.stringToZSON(zsonStr);
      result.put("code", SUCCESS);
      result.put("abilityResult", service.stopPlay());
      break;}
      case OPCODE_isPlaying: {
      java.lang.String zsonStr = data.readString();
      ZSONObject zsonObject = ZSONObject.stringToZSON(zsonStr);
      result.put("code", SUCCESS);
      result.put("abilityResult", service.isPlaying());
      break;}
      case OPCODE_play: {
      java.lang.String zsonStr = data.readString();
      ZSONObject zsonObject = ZSONObject.stringToZSON(zsonStr);
      result.put("code", SUCCESS);
      result.put("abilityResult", service.play());
      break;}
      default: reply.writeString("Opcode is not defined!");
      return false;
    }
    return sendResult(reply, result, option.getFlags() == MessageOption.TF_SYNC);
  }

  private boolean sendResult(MessageParcel reply, Map< String, Object > result, boolean isSync) {
    if (isSync) {
      reply.writeString(ZSONObject.toZSONString(result));
    } else {
      MessageParcel response = MessageParcel.obtain();
      response.writeString(ZSONObject.toZSONString(result));
      IRemoteObject remoteReply = reply.readRemoteObject();
      try {
        remoteReply.sendRequest(0, response, MessageParcel.obtain(), new MessageOption());
        response.reclaim();
      } catch (RemoteException exception) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  public static void register(AbilityContext abilityContext) {
    instance = new ServiceBridgeStub();
    instance.onRegister(abilityContext);
  }

  private void onRegister(AbilityContext abilityContext) {
    this.abilityContext = abilityContext;
    this.service = new ServiceBridge();
    this.setInternalAbilityHandler(this::onRemoteRequest);
    try {
      Field field = ServiceBridge.class.getDeclaredField("abilityContext");
      field.setAccessible(true);
      field.set(this.service, abilityContext);
      field.setAccessible(false);
    } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
      ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLog.error(new ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLogLabel(0, 0, null), "context injection fail.");
    }
  }

  public static void deregister() {
    instance.onDeregister();
  }

  private void onDeregister() {
    abilityContext = null;
    this.setInternalAbilityHandler(null);
  }
}
复制

最后，对自动生成js代码的功能，做编译配置

entry 主模块的 build.gradle 文件中添加如下代码

apply plugin: 'com.huawei.ohos.hap'
apply plugin: 'com.huawei.ohos.decctest'

ohos {
    compileSdkVersion 6
    defaultConfig {
        compatibleSdkVersion 6

        // 在文件头部定义JS模板代码生成路径
        def jsOutputDir = project.file("src/main/js/default/generated").toString()

        // 在ohos - > defaultConfig中设置JS模板代码生成路径
        javaCompileOptions {
            annotationProcessorOptions {
                arguments = ["jsOutputDir": jsOutputDir] // JS模板代码生成赋值
            }
        }
    }

    ......

    compileOptions {
        f2pautogenEnabled true // 此处为启用js2java-codegen工具的开关
    }

}

......
复制

至此，关于穿戴应用研发的重点介绍已完成。

如果你还有兴趣，可以尝试实践一下BLE传输数据

结尾

这是去年研发穿戴应用的一个Demo应用工程结构

备注

看的HarmonyOS文档多了, 对于开发语言和文档中的描述容易产生混淆，这里附上一张简单的HarmonyOS 3.0 到 3.1版本的说明