Python爬虫之requests模块教程

获取响应信息

import requests
response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(response.status_code)  # 状态码
print(response.url)          # 请求url
print(response.headers)      # 响应头信息
print(response.cookies)      # cookie信息
print(response.content)      # bytes形式的响应内容
print(response.encoding)     # 获取响应内容编码
response.encoding=”utf-8”     # 指定响应内容编码
print(response.text)         # 文本形式的响应内容，response.content编码后的结果

发送Get请求

不带参数的Get请求

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(response.text)

带参数的Get请求

直接写在url后面

在url后面用?表示带上参数，每对参数用&分隔。如下url：
https://www.bilibili.com/vide...
注意：url最长2048字节，且数据透明不安全

作为字典参数传入

data = {'name': 'xiaoming',  'age': 26}
response = requests.get('http://www.abcd.com', params=data)
print(response.text)

发送post请求

只能作为字典参数传入，注意参数名字是data而不是params

data = {'name': 'xiaoming',  'age': 26}
response = requests.post('http://www.abcd.com', data=data)
print(response.text)

添加headers

heads = {}
heads['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 ' /
                          '(Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 ' /
                          '(KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50'
response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',headers=headers)

使用代理

proxy = {'http': '49.89.84.106:9999', 'https': '49.89.84.106:9999'}
heads = {}
heads['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0'
req = requests.get(url, proxies=proxy, headers=heads)
print(req.text)

使用加密代理

from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
proxies= {'http': '127.0.0.1:8888', 'https': '127.0.0.1:8888'}
auth = HTTPProxyAuth('user', 'pwd')
requests.get(url, proxies=proxies, auth=auth)

也可以这样

proxies = {"http": "http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128/",}
req = requests.get(url, proxies=proxy, headers=heads)

Cookie

获取Cookie

import requests
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
print(type(response.cookies))
# 把cookiejar对象转化为字典
cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(response.cookies)
print(cookies)

使用Cookie

cookie = {"Cookie":"xxxxxxxx"}
response = requests.get(url,cookies=cookie)

Session

session = requests.Session()
session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/12345')
response = session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(response.text)

限定响应时间

from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout
try:
    response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=1)
    print(response.status_code)
except :
    print('给定时间内未响应')

解析JSON格式的响应内容

通过response.json()方法可以将为JSON格式的响应内容转变为Python的对象，json.loads(response.text)也能起到同样的作用

response = requests.get('http://www.abcd.com')
print(response.text)
print(response.json())  
print(type(response.json()))

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审核编辑 黄昊宇