监测人体健康和运动表现

　　监测人体健康和运动表现

　　高度微型化的传感器系列，如压电MEMS和光学传感器，使人体监测应用的快速发展，借助高精度模拟和处理芯片，以及最新的IEEE 802.15.6无线体域网的出现（禁止）标准。

　　简介：市场增长引擎

　　2012，IEEE发布了无线体域网（BAN）标准，IEEE 802.15.6，短距离无线通信”在附近，或在人体。该标准特别规定了在人体组织中安全使用rf辐射的一些方面，如人体和性别之间的差异影响，以及对服务质量的支持，使各种传感器的数据流优先化。这些，如低功耗，其他关键方面互不干涉的保证，安全性高，区分标准IEEE 802.15.6禁止从个人区域网（PAN）的标准，如蓝牙、ZigBee®®，和更适合去禁止应用的广度。

　　该标准的出版应该为许多新产品的开发和应用提供催化剂，如医疗保健、个人健康监测和体育健身等。便携式和可穿戴式测量生命体征，如心率、血压和血糖的市场正在增长，这是由于微控制器等电子产品的成本下降，以及微型传感器的开发，这些传感器的舒适性和易用性。

　　最近，在微小的MEMS传感器能够检测的线性和角运动，同时市场的到来，力/压力和方向提供了机会，许多新类型的活动监控设备的应用范围从假肢控制运动性能监测和运动安全。

　　Monitoring vital signs

　　Monitoring heart activity is a basic requirement in healthcare activities from initial patient assessment to ensuring safety during surgical procedures and managing life-support equipment. ECG machines have been used for many years in hospitals and doctors’ surgeries. More recently， portable， low-cost heart monitoring equipment has increased opportunities for home monitoring by patients， as well as athletic performance monitoring by sports people and enthusiasts. Cardiac activity can be detected by sensing electrical signals that are associated with the repeated depolarization and repolarization of the heart’s ventricles. These signals are sensed using electrodes， which may be attached at several points on the body such as the chest， arms， and legs to help improve accuracy by eliminating common-mode noise. In HRMs （heart-rate monitors） for sports applications， the sensor may be contained in a chest strap that can be worn easily without inhibiting movement. Analog Devices has a ready-to-use heart-rate monitor front-end IC （AD8232） and evaluation board （AD8232-EVALZ）， configured for applications that use three electrodes. Freescale supports development of HRM applications on its Kinetis or Flexis microcontrollers through its MED-EKG development board （Figure 1）， which plugs into the Freescale Tower System prototyping platform. This approach gives designers the choice of using a discrete instrumentation amplifier mounted on the board or taking advantage of microcontroller analog peripherals. Fingertip electrodes are provided on the board or， alternatively， low-cost external electrodes may be attached for greater accuracy.