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Table of Contents
ADXL345 - No-OS Driver for Renesas Microcontroller Platforms
Supported Devices
Evaluation Boards
Reference Circuits
Overview
The ADXL345 is a small, thin, low power, 3-axis accelerometer with high resolution (13-bit) measurement at up to ±16 g. Digital output data is formatted as 16-bit twos complement and is accessible through either a SPI (3- or 4-wire) or I2C digital interface.
The ADXL345 is well suited for mobile device applications. It measures the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion or shock. Its high resolution (4 mg/LSB) enables measurement of inclination changes less than 1.0°.
Several special sensing functions are provided. Activity and inactivity sensing detect the presence or lack of motion and if the acceleration on any axis exceeds a user-set level. Tap sensing detects single and double taps. Free-fall sensing detects if the device is falling. These functions can be mapped to one of two interrupt output pins. An integrated, patent pending 32-level first in, first out (FIFO) buffer can be used to store data to minimize host processor intervention.
Low power modes enable intelligent motion-based power management with threshold sensing and active acceleration measurement at extremely low power dissipation.
The ADXL345 is supplied in a small, thin, 3 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm, 14-lead, plastic package.
Applications
- ADXL345-EP Supports defense and aerospace applications (AQEC)
The goal of this project (Microcontroller No-OS) is to be able to provide reference projects for lower end processors, which can't run Linux, or aren't running a specific operating system, to help those customers using microcontrollers with ADI parts. Here you can find a generic driver which can be used as a base for any microcontroller platform and also specific drivers for different microcontroller platforms.
Driver Description
The driver contains two parts:
- The driver for the ADXL345 part, which may be used, without modifications, with any microcontroller.
- The Communication Driver, where the specific communication functions for the desired type of processor and communication protocol have to be implemented. This driver implements the communication with the device and hides the actual details of the communication protocol to the ADI driver.
The Communication Driver has a standard interface, so the ADXL345 driver can be used exactly as it is provided.
If the SPI communication is chosen, there are three functions which are called by the ADXL345 driver:
- SPI_Init() – initializes the communication peripheral.
- SPI_Write() – writes data to the device.
- SPI_Read() – reads data from the device.
SPI driver architecture
If the I2C communication is chosen, there are three functions which are called by the ADXL345 driver:
- I2C_Init() – initializes the communication peripheral.
- I2C_Write() – writes data to the device.
- I2C_Read() – reads data from the device.
I2C driver architecture
The implementation of these three functions depends on the used microcontroller.
The following functions are implemented in this version of ADXL345 driver:
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| char ADXL345_Init(char commProtocol) | Initializes the communication peripheral and checks if the ADXL345 part is present. |
| void ADXL345_SetRegisterValue(unsigned char registerAddress, unsigned char registerValue) | Writes data into a register. |
| unsigned char ADXL345_GetRegisterValue(unsigned char registerAddress) | Reads the value of a register. |
| void ADXL345_SetPowerMode(unsigned char pwrMode) | Places the device into standby/measure mode. |
| void ADXL345_GetXyz(short* x, short* y, short* z) | Reads the raw output data of each axis. |
| void ADXL345_GetGxyz(float* x, float* y, float* z) | Reads the raw output data of each axis and converts it to g. |
| void ADXL345_SetTapDetection(unsigned char tapType, unsigned char tapAxes, unsigned char tapDur, unsigned char tapLatent, unsigned char tapWindow, unsigned char tapThresh, unsigned char tapInt) | Enables/disables the tap detection. |
| void ADXL345_SetActivityDetection(unsigned char actOnOff, unsigned char actAxes, unsigned char actAcDc, unsigned char actThresh, unsigned char actInt) | Enables/disables the activity detection. |
| void ADXL345_SetInactivityDetection(unsigned char inactOnOff, unsigned char inactAxes, unsigned char inactAcDc, unsigned char inactThresh, unsigned char inactTime, unsigned char inactInt) | Enables/disables the inactivity detection. |
| void ADXL345_SetFreeFallDetection(unsigned char ffOnOff, unsigned char ffThresh, unsigned char ffTime, unsigned char ffInt) | Enables/disables the free-fall detection. |
| void ADXL345_SetOffset(unsigned char xOffset, unsigned char yOffset, unsigned char zOffset) | Calibrates the accelerometer. |
| void ADXL345_SetRangeResolution(unsigned char gRange, unsigned char fullRes) | Selects the measurement range. |
Downloads
- PmodACL Demo for RL78G14: https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/no-OS/tree/master/Renesas/RL78G14/PmodACL
- RL78G14 Common Drivers: https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/no-OS/tree/master/Renesas/RL78G14/Common
Renesas RL78G13 Quick Start Guide
This section contains a description of the steps required to run the ADXL345 demonstration project on a Renesas RL78G13 platform.
Required Hardware
- PmodACL (optional, because an ADXL345 part is installed on Renesas Demonstration Kit (RDK) for RL78G13)
Required Software
Hardware Setup
There are two options:
- The ADXL345 part installed on the Renesas Demonstration Kit (RDK) for RL78G13 can be used. In this case, the I2C protocol has to be chosen.
- A PmodACL can be connected to the PMOD1 connector. In this case, the SPI protocol has to be chosen.
Reference Project Overview
In this example, the output data of each axis is read and displayed on the Renesas Demonstration Kit for RL78G13 board’s LCD. Were also activated “Single Tap”, “Double Tap” and “Free-Fall” interrupts. When one of them occurs, on the LCD screen appears a corresponding message.
Software Project Setup
This section presents the steps for developing a software application that will run on the Renesas Demo Kit for RL78G13 for controlling and monitoring the operation of the ADI part.
- Run the IAR Embedded Workbench for Renesas RL78 integrated development environment.
- Choose to create a new project (Project – Create New Project).
- Select the RL78 tool chain, the Empty project template and click OK.
- Select a location and a name for the project (ADIEvalBoard for example) and click Save.
- Open the project’s options window (Project – Options).
- From the Target tab of the General Options category select the RL78 – R5F100LE device.
- From the Setup tab of the Debugger category select the TK driver and click OK.
- Extract the files from the lab .zip archive and copy them into the project’s folder.
- The new source files have to be included into the project. Open the Add Files… window (Project – Add Files…), select all the copied files and click open.
- At this moment, all the files are included into the project.
- The project is ready to be compiled and downloaded on the board. Press the F7 key to compile it. Press CTRL + D to download and debug the project.
- A window will appear asking to configure the emulator. Keep the default settings and press OK.
- To run the project press F5.
Renesas RL78G14 Quick Start Guide
This section contains a description of the steps required to run the ADXL345 demonstration project on a Renesas RL78G14 platform using the PmodACL.
Required Hardware
- PmodACL (optional, because an ADXL345 part is installed on Renesas Demonstration Kit (RDK) for RL78G14)
Required Software
- The ADXL345 demonstration project for the Renesas RL78G14 platform.
The ADXL345 demonstration project for the Renesas RL78G14 platform consists of three parts: the ADXL345 Driver, the PmodACL Demo for RL78G14 and the RL78G14 Common Drivers.
All three parts have to be downloaded.
Hardware Setup
There are two options:
- The ADXL345 part installed on the Renesas Demonstration Kit (RDK) for RL78G14 can be used. In this case, the I2C protocol has to be chosen with 'ADXL345_Init()' function.
- A PmodACL can be connected to the PMOD1 connector. In this case, the SPI protocol has to be chosen with 'ADXL345_Init()' function.
Reference Project Overview
The reference project:
- reads and displays the data for each axis on LCD;
- it displays also on LCD if the interrupts “Single Tap”, “Double Tap” or “Free-Fall” were activated.
Software Project Tutorial
This section presents the steps for developing a software application that will run on the Renesas Demo Kit for RL78G14 for controlling and monitoring the operation of the ADI part.
- Run the IAR Embedded Workbench for Renesas RL78 integrated development environment.
- Choose to create a new project (Project – Create New Project).
- Select the RL78 tool chain, the Empty project template and click OK.
- Select a location and a name for the project (ADIEvalBoard for example) and click Save.
- Open the project’s options window (Project – Options).
- From the Target tab of the General Options category select the RL78 – R5F104PJ device.
- From the Setup tab of the Debugger category select the TK driver and click OK.
- Copy the downloaded files into the project's folder.
- The new source files have to be included into the project. Open the Add Files… window (Project – Add Files…), select all the copied files and click open.
- At this moment, all the files are included into the project.
- The project is ready to be compiled and downloaded on the board. Press the F7 key to compile it. Press CTRL + D to download and debug the project.
- A window will appear asking to configure the emulator. Keep the default settings and press OK.
- To run the project press F5.
Renesas RX62N Quick Start Guide
This section contains a description of the steps required to run the ADXL345 demonstration project on a Renesas RX62N platform.
Required Hardware
- PmodACL (optional, because an ADXL345 part is installed on Renesas Demonstration Kit (RDK) for RX62N)
Required Software
Hardware Setup
There are two options:
- The ADXL345 part installed on the Renesas Demonstration Kit (RDK) for RX62N can be used. In this case, the I2C protocol has to be chosen.
- A PmodACL can be connected to the Renesas Demonstration Kit (RDK) for RX62N (in this case, the SPI protocol has to be chosen):
PmodACL Pin 1 (CS) → YRDKRX62N J8 connector Pin 15 PmodACL Pin 2 (MOSI) → YRDKRX62N J8 connector Pin 19 PmodACL Pin 3 (MISO) → YRDKRX62N J8 connector Pin 22 PmodACL Pin 4 (CLK) → YRDKRX62N J8 connector Pin 20 PmodACL Pin 5 (GND) → YRDKRX62N J8 connector Pin 4 PmodACL Pin 6 (VCC) → YRDKRX62N J8 connector Pin 3
Reference Project Overview
In this example, the output data of each axis is read and displayed on the Renesas Demonstration Kit for RX62N board’s LCD. Were also activated “Single Tap”, “Double Tap” and “Free-Fall” interrupts. When one of them occurs, on the LCD screen appears a corresponding message.
Software Project Setup
This section presents the steps for developing a software application that will run on the Renesas Demo Kit for RX62N for controlling and monitoring the operation of the ADI part.
- Run the High-performance Embedded Workshop integrated development environment.
- A window will appear asking to create or open project workspace. Choose “Create a new project workspace” option and press OK.
- From “Project Types” option select “Application”, name the Workspace and the Project “ADIEvalBoard”, select the “RX” CPU family and “Renesas RX Standard” tool chain. Press OK.
- A few windows will appear asking to configure the project:
- In the “Select Target CPU” window, select “RX600” CPU series, “RX62N” CPU Type and press Next.
- In the “Option Setting” windows keep default settings and press Next.
- In the “Setting the Content of Files to be generated” window select “None” for the “Generate main() Function” option and press Next.
- In the “Setting the Standard Library” window press “Disable all” and then Next.
- In the “Setting the Stack Area” window check the “Use User Stack” option and press Next.
- In the “Setting the Vector” window keep default settings and press Next.
- In the “Setting the Target System for Debugging” window choose “RX600 Segger J-Link” target and press Next.
- In the “Setting the Debugger Options” and “Changing the Files Name to be created” windows keep default settings, press Next and Finish.
- The workspace is created.
- The RPDL (Renesas Peripheral Driver Library) has to integrated in the project. Unzip the RPDL files (double-click on the file “RPDL_RX62N.exe”). Navigate to where the RPDL files were unpacked and double-click on the “Copy_RPDL_RX62N.bat” to start the copy process. Choose the LQFP package, type the full path where the project was created and after the files were copied, press any key to close the window.
- The new source files have to be included in the project. Use the key sequence Alt, P, A to open the “Add files to project ‘ADIEvalBoard’” window. Double click on the RPDL folder. From the “Files of type” drop-down list, select “C source file (*.C)”. Select all of the files and press Add.
- To avoid conflicts with standard project files remove the files “intprg.c” and “vecttbl.c” which are included in the project. Use the key sequence Alt, P, R to open the “Remove Project Files” window. Select the files, click on Remove and press OK.
- Next the new directory has to be included in the project. Use the key sequence Alt, B, R to open the “RX Standard Toolchain” window. Select the C/C++ tab, select “Show entries for: Include file directories” and press Add. Select “Relative to: Project directory”, type “RPDL” as sub-directory and press OK.
- The library file path has to be added in the project. Select the Link/Library tab, select “Show entries for: Library files” and press Add. Select “Relative to: Project directory”, type “RPDL/RX62N_library” as file path and press OK.
- Because the “intprg.c” file was removed the “PIntPrg” specified in option “start” has to be removed. Change “Category” to “Section”. Press “Edit”, select “PIntPRG” and press “Remove”. From this window the address of each section can be also modified. After all the changes are made press OK two times.
- At this point the files extracted from the zip file located in the “Software Tools” section have to be added into the project. Copy all the files from the archive into the project folder.
- Now, the files have to be included in the project. Use the key sequence Alt, P, A to open the “Add files to project ‘ADIEvalBoard’” window. Navigate into ADI folder. From the “Files of type” drop-down list, select “Project Files”. Select all the copied files and press Add.
- Now, the project is ready to be built. Press F7. The message after the Build Process is finished has to be “0 Errors, 0 Warnings”. To run the program on the board, you have to download the firmware into the microprocessor’s memory.
More information
- Example questions:
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